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  	  <title><![CDATA[谁解红楼？标准答案：陈林]]></title>
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	  	<title><![CDATA[谁解红楼？标准答案：陈林]]></title>
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  	<title><![CDATA[胡适岂能不知“甲戌本”之伪（上）]]></title>	
    <link>http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008953122266</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P align=center><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>铲除</FONT>腐败“红学”诈骗集团<FONT color=#ff0000>告全国人民书系列之三</FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face=黑体 size=6><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>80万美元</FONT>回购假古籍<FONT color=#ff0000>该当何罪</FONT></STRONG></FONT><BR><FONT size=4><STRONG>——陶洙伪造的“甲戌本”被上海博物馆重金从台湾回购，<BR>错误决策造成国家重大损失，“主流红学界”难辞其咎</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face=黑体 size=5><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>下篇：胡适</FONT>岂能不知“甲戌本”之伪<FONT face=楷体_GB2312 color=#ff0000>（上）</FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在本系列中篇<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《胡适刻意掩盖陶洙售卖“甲戌本”真相》</B>一文中，陈林论证了伪造“甲戌本”的元凶陶洙曾于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日化名“胡星垣”亲笔致信胡适，又于当年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月亲赴新月书店向胡适兜售“甲戌本”，胡适很可能与陶洙当面密谈（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陶洙是否透露真实身份不能确知</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自胡适认定“甲戌本”是“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">海内最古的《石头记》抄本</B>”，出“重价”将书买下，直到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1961</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月台北商务印书馆出版</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">部影印本，“甲戌本”在胡适个人手中“垄断”了将近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。胡适的这一行为受到了很多人的批评，而他个人也无法解释拖延这么久的原因</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见周策纵：《论〈红楼梦〉研究的基本态度》。胡文彬、周雷编：《海外红学论集》。上海古籍出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1982年4月第1版，第3页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在这</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年里，尽管胡适在公开发表的文章和演讲中反复强调“甲戌本”的“真实可贵”，然而胡适私下难道从未怀疑，甚至明确认识到“甲戌本”是其同时代的人伪造的假古籍？在这个问题上，陈林认为，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">我们有必要对胡适的学术视野和研究方法做全面、深入和细致的考察，分析胡适如何鉴别“甲戌本”的真伪，以及这一判断是否会受到他个人的质疑。</SPAN></B>这一课题属于学术界尚待开掘的空白领域，陈林的研究也只是抛砖引玉的初步探讨。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考察“胡适是否确知‘甲戌本’之伪”，陈林认为，至少可以从两方面着手进行研究：<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">第一，在接触“甲戌本”之前，胡适对《红楼梦》版本的研究情况；第二，胡适的学术研究方法论和他个人的研究实践情况。</SPAN></B></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于第一种情况，我们需要了解的是：胡适对《红楼梦》版本的研究是否为他确信“甲戌本”之真提供了坚实的学理基础；“甲戌本”的出现是否调整甚至推翻了胡适对《红楼梦》版本既有的认知，其合理性在哪里。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于第二种情况，我们需要了解的是：胡适对“甲戌本”的研究是否实践了他的学术方法论，胡适的学术方法论能否为他确信“甲戌本”之真提供坚定的支持。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对这些问题的深入研究，不但可以使我们对“甲戌本”的伪劣性质有进一步的了解，而且也可以使我们对胡适长期“垄断”“甲戌本”的动机缘由有切实的把握。以下详细论述之。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、胡适最熟悉的几个《红楼梦》版本</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red"></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适从少年时代起就对《红楼梦》产生了浓厚的兴趣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1904</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1910</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，胡适在上海求学期间曾写有题名<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《藏晖室笔记》</SPAN></B>的读书札记，其中就有《红楼梦》的阅读思考。在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《藏晖室笔记之一·小说丛话》</SPAN></B>的第一篇札记中，胡适写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《石头记》著者不知何人，然决非曹雪芹也。第六十九回评有云“</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作者无名氏，但云胡老明公而已</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今编（</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">遍</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）阅今本</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，乃不见此四字，可见曹雪芹之前，必另有原本作者自署“胡老明公”，后为雪芹删去。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见耿云志主编：《胡适遗稿及秘藏书信》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>14册。黄山书社，1994年12月第1版，第66～67页。）</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适称“今本”《红楼梦》中没有“胡老明公”四个字，这是不对的。程甲本、程乙本乃至所有以此两本为底本刻印的“今本”《红楼梦》第十六回都明明白白地写到大观园“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">全亏一个<SPAN style="COLOR: red">胡老名公</SPAN>，号山子野，一一筹画起造</B>”。胡适后来在美国留学期间发现了自己的错误，于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1911</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日在该页札记上写了一条眉注：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366">书中提起‘胡老明公’，此误也。</SPAN></B>”</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><A href="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/eOxDNLOMZaNxvPzco1qrcA==/2042945380966885173.jpg" target=_blank><IMG style="DISPLAY: block; TEXT-ALIGN: center" src="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/eOxDNLOMZaNxvPzco1qrcA==/2042945380966885173.jpg"></A>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适《藏晖室笔记之一·小说丛话》及眉注。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在的问题是，胡适当年读到的“今本”《红楼梦》究竟是哪个版本呢？根据札记中提到第六十九回评“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">作者无名氏，但云胡老明公而已</B>”来判断，胡适读到的这个“今本”《红楼梦》极有可能是<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《增评补像全图金玉缘》</SPAN></B>或其翻印本。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第六十九回评“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">作者无名氏，但云胡老明公而已</B>”本是嘉庆道光年间“太平闲人”张新之的批语。张新之写有三十万字的评点著作<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《妙复轩评石头记》</SPAN></B>，绵州太守孙小峰（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">孙桐生</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）于光绪七年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1881</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）资助湖南长沙卧云山馆刊刻张新之的评点，书名<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《妙复轩评本·绣像石头记红楼梦》</SPAN></B>。这个版本只刊刻一次，流传不广。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见刘继保著：《红楼梦评点研究》。北京图书馆出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2007年1月第1版，第167～168页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪十年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1884</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），上海同文书局石印本<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《增评补像全图金玉缘》</SPAN></B>出版，这是“护花主人”王希廉（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">王雪香</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、“太平闲人”张新之、“大某山民”姚燮的三家合评本。这个《金玉缘》刊本极为流行，直到清末已有五六种之多，甚至民国以后仍然继续流传。《增评补像全图金玉缘》的评语是以张新之的评点为主，再把王希廉和姚燮的评点文字加以编排整理的。王、姚没有文中双行夹批，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">书中所有的夹批都是张新之的评点文字</B>。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见刘继保著：《红楼梦评点研究》。第<SPAN lang=EN-US>178页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海古籍出版社于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1988</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月出版了“三家评本”《红楼梦》，第六十九回正文“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">胡君荣听了，早已卷包逃走</B>”之下有夹评“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">作者无名氏但云胡老名公而已</SPAN>，正是卷包逃走之意，当与‘虎狼药’回评语参看方得</B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见《红楼梦（三家评本）》，上海古籍出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988年2月第1版，第1141页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。由此可见，胡适读到的“今本”《红楼梦》，应该是清末出版的某一种《增评补像全图金玉缘》刊本，如以下版本：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪十年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1884</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）上海同文书局石印本；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪十四年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1888</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）上海石印本；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪十五年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1889</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）上海石印本；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪十五年上海同文书局石印本；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光绪三十四年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1908</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）求不负斋石印本。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1921</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，胡适撰写<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《红楼梦考证（</SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">初稿</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）》</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一文，在此前后，胡适对《红楼梦》多个版本做了比较细致的研究。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">从胡适的论述来看，除程乙本之外，胡适最熟悉的版本之一就是他从少年时期开始阅读的《增评补像全图金玉缘》这个“三家合评本”</SPAN></B>。胡适在《红楼梦考证（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">初稿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）》一文中写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在我们可以研究《红楼梦》的“本子”问题。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">现今市上通行的《红楼梦》虽有无数版本，然细细考校去</B>，除了有正书局一本外，都是从一种底本出来的。这种底本是乾隆末年间程伟元的百二十回全本，我们叫他做“程本”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（宋广波编校注释：《胡适红学研究资料全编》。北京图书馆出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2005年10月第1版，第33页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在《红楼梦考证（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">初稿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）》文末的“附注一”中，胡适又写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我说现今市上的许多百二十回本的《红楼梦》都是从一个本子出来的。我且举一个有趣的例。一百二十回的末段，各本都作：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">后人见了这本传奇，亦曾题过四句，为作者缘起之言。<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">说到辛酸泪，荒唐愈可悲。由来同一梦，休笑世人痴。<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我的程排本（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈林按，指胡适自藏的程乙本</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）于“为作者缘起之言”的下面，有“更进一竿云”五字，这句的意思才才完整。这四句诗是对着第一回曹雪芹题的“满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味”说的，故用“百尺竿头更进一步”的话。若无“更进一竿”等字，这句话就不通了。</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今查各本于“缘起之言”的下面，有小字夹注的评语“转一竿头，似用禅语，到底骗人”十二个字。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大概“转一竿头”四字是当日一种本子的正文，偶因篇幅的关系，误排作双行，后来遂与后加的评语八字并作一条夹评；后来各种翻本因讹传讹，都犯同样的错误。我们因此可见各本都同出一源。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>39页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适在文中提到的夹评<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“转一竿头，似用禅语，到底骗人”</SPAN></B>十二个字，最接近于《增评补像全图金玉缘》第一百二十回正文“为作者缘起之言”之后张新之的夹评：<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“转一竿头，仍用释语，到底瞒人。”</SPAN></B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见《红楼梦（三家评本）》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>1985页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适最熟悉的另一个版本</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是上海有正书局于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1911</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1912</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年出版的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《国初抄本原本红楼梦》</B></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（陈林按，即“戚序本”、“有正本”）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这个版本是上海亚东图书馆的老板汪孟邹于民国九年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1920</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日晚快邮寄送给胡适的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见《胡适遗稿及秘藏书信》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>27册，第308页）</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，胡适读到“戚本”应在此后不久。汪孟邹寄这个本子给胡适，是为了请胡适给亚东图书馆计划出版的新标点版《红楼梦》作序。胡适后来作成的序，就是《红楼梦考证（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">初稿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）》，发表于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1921</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月亚东图书馆出版的初排本《红楼梦》。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><A href="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/xxX7dnfkAYo9X-VWO6frwg==/860187528828705642.jpg" target=_blank><IMG style="DISPLAY: block; TEXT-ALIGN: center" src="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/xxX7dnfkAYo9X-VWO6frwg==/860187528828705642.jpg"></A>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汪孟邹在</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1920</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日致胡适的信中写道：“有正八十回本乍（昨）晚已快邮寄上。”</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，胡适“重价”买下“甲戌本”之后，他就是<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">用自己最熟悉的程乙本、《增评补像全图金玉缘》（</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">或其翻印本</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）以及“戚序本”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来对比研究“甲戌本”的。举例来说，胡适在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《考证红楼梦的新材料》</SPAN></B>一文中比较了在叙述第十三回秦可卿之死时四种本子正文的异同，如：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程乙本</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作：彼时合家皆知，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无不纳闷，都有些伤心</B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">戚序本</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作：彼时合家皆知，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无不纳叹，都有些伤心</B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“坊间普通本子有一种却作”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：彼时合家皆知，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无不纳闷，都有些疑心</B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“脂本</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈林按，指‘甲戌本’</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正作”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：彼时合家皆知，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无不纳罕，都有些疑心</B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>229～230页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适上文中谈到的一种<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“坊间普通本子”</B>应指的是<SPAN style="COLOR: black">《增评补像全图金玉缘》（</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">或其翻印本</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，因为<SPAN style="COLOR: black">《增评补像全图金玉缘》</SPAN>的正文此处正是作“<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">彼时合家皆知，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无不纳闷，都有些疑心</B></SPAN>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见《红楼梦（三家评本）》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>194页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。胡适在后文又引<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“翻王刻本”</SPAN></B>的正文，如“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">话犹未了，林黛玉已摇摇摆摆的来了</SPAN></B>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（参见《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>244页）</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而<SPAN style="COLOR: black">《增评补像全图金玉缘》</SPAN>正文亦如此（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见《红楼梦（三家评本）》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>130页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。<SPAN style="COLOR: black">《增评补像全图金玉缘》</SPAN>的正文校改自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1832</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年双清仙馆刊行的王希廉评点本<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《新评绣像红楼梦全传》</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black">的正文</SPAN>，综合胡适引用的批语和正文情况来看，胡适所说的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“翻王刻本”</SPAN></B>肯定是<SPAN style="COLOR: black">《增评补像全图金玉缘》或其</SPAN>翻印本。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上是胡适在得到“甲戌本”之前对《红楼梦》版本了解熟悉的大致情况。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《增评补像全图金玉缘》这个三家合评本在卷首收录了张新之、王希廉和姚燮等人的序言、读法、总评、论赞和题词等各种评论文章，回末又收录了三位评点家的回末评。有的评论对批语者的身份、作批的时间和地点交代得一清二楚，如：《护花主人批序》落款“</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">道光壬辰花朝日，吴县王希廉雪香氏书于双清仙馆</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《红楼梦（三家评本）》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>8页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《国初抄本原本红楼梦》上集十册是在宣统三年辛亥（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1911</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）八月至十一月间出版的，当年十一月廿五日发行的第十四号《小说时报》上曾刊发出版广告，原文如下：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《国初秘本原本红楼梦》出版：此秘本《红楼梦》与流行本绝然不同，现用重金租得版权，</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并请著名小说家加以批评</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。先印上半部十册，共为一套。定价一元八角。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（魏绍昌著：《红楼梦版本小考》。中国社会科学出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1982年9月第1版，第22～23页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下集十册出版时也曾在民国元年壬子（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1912</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）十二月一号发行的第十七号《小说时报》上刊发广告，广告同上，加了一行字：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">后部十册共一套，定价一元八角。</SPAN></B>”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适因为去国留美，很可能从未见过这些广告，但是<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">下集第一册封二刊有“征求批评”的启事，仔细阅读研究过“戚序本”的胡适则不可能看不到</B>。该启事原文如下：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此书前集四十回，曾将与今本不同之点略为批出。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此后集四十回中之优点欲求阅者寄稿，无论顶批、总批，只求精意妙论，一俟再版即行加入</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。兹定酬例如下：一等每千字十元，二等每千字六元，三等每千字三元。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再前集四十回中批语过简，倘蒙赐批，一例欢迎</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。再原稿概不寄还，以免周折。上海望平街有正书局启。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（《红楼梦版本小考》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>23页。）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《国初抄本原本红楼梦》上集卷首有署名“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">德清戚蓼生晓堂氏</SPAN></B>”的《石头记序》，书中正文有双行小字夹批，页眉处有眉批，回末有“总评”；然而下集十册四十回却没有任何评论文字。这个情况，胡适当然也是看得一清二楚的。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">狄葆贤重金征集批语这一事实，意味着“戚序本”上集十册四十回中的总评和夹批等评点文字都是当代人撰写的</B>。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正因为关于《红楼梦》的评点文字有以上特点，胡适在得到“甲戌本”之前才会对“评点本”产生一个合乎逻辑情理的判断，即认为“评点本”都是在程甲本、程乙本之后“晚出”的。例如胡适在《红楼梦考证（初稿）》中写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此外，上海有正书局石印的一部八十回本的《红楼梦》，前面有一篇德清戚蓼生的序，我们可叫他做“戚本”。有正书局的老板在这部书的封面上题着“国初抄本《红楼梦》”，又在首页题着“原本《红楼梦》”。那“国初抄本”四个字自然是大笑话。那“原本”两字也不妥当。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这本已有总评，有夹评，有韵文的评赞，又往往有“题”诗，有时又将评语抄入正文（如第二回），可见已是很晚的抄本，决不是“原本”了。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但自程氏两种百二十回本出版以后，八十回本已不可多见。戚本大概是乾隆时无数展转传抄本之中幸而保存的一种，可以用来参校程本，故自有他的相当价值，正不必假托“国初抄本”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>34页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又如，胡适在《考证〈红楼梦〉的新材料》一文开篇即写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去年我从海外归来，便接着一封信，说有一部抄本《脂砚斋重评石头记》愿让给我。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我以为“重评”的《石头记》大概是没有价值的，</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以当时竟没有回信。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>221页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上是胡适在得到“甲戌本”之前，基于对《红楼梦》多个版本的了解和熟悉，对“评点本”基本性质的明确判断。那么，胡适的这种看起来合情合理的判断，为什么在“看了一遍”“甲戌本”之后就迅速被颠覆瓦解了呢？“甲戌本”究竟向胡适提供了什么有力的“反证”？从胡适的学术方法论来考察，“甲戌本”提供的“反证”是否经得起长久的考验？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、胡适对“证据法”的推崇</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red"></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众所周知，胡适关于学术研究的方法论是著名的八个字：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">大胆假设，小心求证。</SPAN></B>”可是要说起如何“小心求证”，大多数人却未必了解胡适对这个问题的系统论述。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1921</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年发表《红楼梦考证（初稿）》以来，终其一生，胡适对学术研究的方法论有相当的自觉和特别的强调。对于他自己的《红楼梦》研究和《水经注》研究，胡适总是颇为得意地拿这些成果当作他所提倡的方法论的最佳范例。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1979</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，时任耶鲁大学教授的余英时发表了一篇题为<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《近代红学的发展与红学革命》</SPAN></B>的论文，其中写道：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">由于胡适的提倡，《红楼梦》的考证工作已和近代中国学术的主流——乾、嘉考据学到‘五四’以后的国故整理——汇合了。</SPAN></B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">余英时：《近代红学的发展与红学革命》。原载<SPAN lang=EN-US>1979年6月香港《中文大学学报》第二期，转引自胡文彬、周雷编：《海外红学论集》，上海古籍出版社，1982年4月第1版，第10页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）余英时的这一高度评价，点出了<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">胡适学术研究方法论的核心要义——讲证据</SPAN></B>。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1920</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，梁启超“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">应胡适的要求</SPAN></B>”，撰写了<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《清代学术概论》</SPAN></B>，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《“朴学”》</SPAN></B>一篇总结了乾嘉“正统派之学风”的十大特色，其中第一条就是：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">凡立一义，必凭证据；无证据而以臆度者，在所必摈。</SPAN></B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">梁启超：《“朴学”》。《清代学术概论》，上海古籍出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1998年1月第1版，第47页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这就是要求每一个论点都必须得到切实可靠的证据的支持和验证。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">早在上海求学的少年时代，胡适就深为梁启超“别有一种魔力”的文章所折服，“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">受了梁先生无穷的恩惠</SPAN></B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见易竹贤：《胡适传》。湖北人民出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1994年11月第2版，第42页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），此后一生的思想和事业都受到梁启超的重大影响。梁启超所标举的“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">凡立一义，必凭证据</SPAN></B>”的学术研究方法论，就被胡适反复强调，系统论述。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在《红楼梦考证（初稿）》一文中，胡适提出<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">必须打破“种种牵强附会的《红楼梦》谜学”，“根据可靠的版本与可靠的材料”来做《红楼梦》研究</SPAN></B>。这实际上就是“摈弃臆度”和“必凭证据”的方法论在《红楼梦》研究领域的应用。胡适写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其实做《红楼梦》的考证，尽可以不用那种附会的法子。我们只须根据可靠的版本与可靠的材料，考定这书的著者究竟是谁，著者的事迹家世，著书的时代，这书曾有何种不同的本子，这些本子的来历如何。这些问题乃是《红楼梦》考证的正当范围。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适红学研究资料全编》，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>22页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1924</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《古史讨论的读后感》</SPAN></B>一文中提出<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">要审查“证据”的可靠性，要对治史学的方法“有一种自觉的评判”，“对自己搜来的材料也有一种较严刻的评判”</SPAN></B>。胡适写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们对于“证据”的态度是：一切史料都是证据。但史家要问：（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这种证据是在什么地方寻出的？（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）什么时候寻出的？（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）什么人寻出的？（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）地方和时候上看起来，这个人有做证人的资格吗？（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这个人虽有证人资格，而他说这句话时有作伪（无心的，或有意的）的可能吗？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">欧阳哲生编：《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>3册。北京大学出版社，1998年11月第1版，第86页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一论述运用于《红楼梦》研究，实际上就是对版本和材料的“可靠性”进行考察。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1930</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，上海亚东图书馆出版了《胡适文选》，胡适为《文选》写了一篇题为<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《介绍我自己的思想》</SPAN></B>的自序。在这篇自序中，胡适很得意地谈到了他的“方法论”和实践例证。胡适写道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《古史讨论》一篇（</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈林按，指《古史讨论的读后感》</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），在我的《文存》里要算是最精彩的方法论。这里面讨论了两个基本方法：一个是用历史演变的眼光来追求传说的演变，一个是用严格的考据方法来评判史料。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">欧阳哲生编：《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>5册，第516页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《〈红楼梦〉考证》诸篇只是考证方法的一个实例</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。我说：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">我觉得我们做《红楼梦》的考证，只能在“著者”和“本子”两个问题上着手；只能运用我们力所能搜集的材料，参考互证，然后抽出一些比较的最近情理的结论。这是考证学的方法。我在这篇文章里，处处想撇开一切先入的成见，处处存一个搜求证据的目的，处处尊重证据，让证据做向导，引我到相当的结论上去。（页四一一——四一二）<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这不过是赫胥黎、杜威的思想方法的实际应用。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我的几十万字的小说考证，都只是用一些“深切而著明”的实例来教人怎样思想</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>5册，第517页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1952</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适在台湾大学作了题为<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《治学方法》</SPAN></B>的第一场演讲。其中谈到了他在《红楼梦》研究领域“大胆的假设”和“小心的求证”。胡适对自己的研究颇为满意，他说：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366">至少我对于研究《红楼梦》问题，我对它的态度的谨严，自己批评的严格，方法的自觉，同我考据研究《水经注》是一样的。</SPAN></B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">欧阳哲生编：《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>12册，第134页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日的第二场演讲中，胡适集中讲的是“方法的自觉”。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">所谓“方法的自觉”，按胡适的说法，“就是方法的批评；自己批评自己，自己检讨自己，发现自己的错误。纠正自己的错误”</SPAN></B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>12册，第138页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适在这场演讲中以自己研究“《水经注》一百多年的糊涂官司”为例，提出了一个命题——<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“考据学”和“方法的自觉”，“应参考现代国家法庭的证据法（</SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Law of Evidence</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>12册，第144页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需要指出的是，尽管胡适看起来好像直到五十年代才开始明确提“证据法”，可实际上早在二十年代《古史讨论的读后感》一文中，胡适提出的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“证人资格”</SPAN></B>一词，就是“证据法”的基本概念之一。可以说，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">胡适早在二十年代就对“考据学”应该引入“证据法”的原则和方法有了明确的想法</SPAN></B>，只不过这明确的想法直到五十年代才公开而系统地表述出来。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适在演讲中说道：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我今天的提议，就是我们作文史考据的人，用考据学的方法，以证据来考订过去的历史的事实，以证据来批判一件事实的有无、是非、真假。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们考证的责任，应该同陪审员或者法官判决一个罪人一样，有同等的严重性。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们要使得方法自觉，就</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应该运用证据法上允许两造驳斥对方所提证据的方法</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，来作为我们养成方法自觉的一种训练。……</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们要假定有一个律师在那里，他随时要驳斥我们的证据，批评我们的证据是否可靠</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。要是没有一个律师在我们的面前，我们的方法就不容易自觉，态度也往往不够谨慎，所得的结论也就不够正确了。所以，我们要养成自觉的习惯，必须树立两个自己审查自己的标准：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一，我们要问自己：你提出的这个证人可靠吗？他有做证人的资格吗？你提出来的证物可靠吗？这件证物是从那里来的？这个标准是批评证据。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二，我们还要问自己：你提出的这个证人或者证物是要证明本案的那一点？譬如你说这个人偷了你的表，你提出的证据却是他昨天晚上打老婆；这是不相干的证据，这不能证明他偷了你的表。像这种证据，须要赶出法庭之外去。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要做到方法的自觉，我觉得唯一的途径，就是自己关起门来做考据的时候，就要如临师保，如临父母。我们至少要做到上面所提的两个标准：</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一要审查自己的证据可靠不可靠；二要审查自己的证据与本案有没有相干。还要假定对方有一个律师在那里，随时要驳斥或者推翻我们的证据</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #003366"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">《胡适文集》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>12册，第145～146页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适在文史考据中引入“证据法”的原则和方法，这是一个贡献。“证据法”的核心就是严格审核证据的“证据力”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">证据资格</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和“证明力”。证据材料必须经过查证属实，才能够作为定案的根据。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适在《红楼梦》研究中引入“证据法”的原则和方法，尤为及时和重要。《红楼梦》研究的核心问题之一，就是《红楼梦》的著作权问题，即小说的作者是谁。判定著作权的归属，其本质就是一个民事诉讼，因此确有必要引入“证据法”的基本原则和方法来规范考据。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同时，诚如周策纵所论，《红楼梦》研究“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">最显著地反映了我们思想界学术界的一般习惯和情况，如果大家不在基本态度和方法上改进一番，可能把问题愈缠愈复杂不清，以讹传讹，以误证误，使人浪费无比的精力。而‘红学’已是一门极时髦的‘显学’，易于普遍流传，家喻户晓，假如我们能在研究的态度和方法上力求精密一点，也许对社会上一般思想和行动习惯，都可能发生远大的影响</SPAN></B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">周策纵：《论〈红楼梦〉研究的基本态度》。原载<SPAN lang=EN-US>1972年5月香港《明报月刊》第七十七期，转引自胡文彬、周雷编：《海外红学论集》，上海古籍出版社，1982年4月第1版，第1页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那么，“甲戌本”的出现，是否真的向胡适提供了“证据法”意义上的考证《红楼梦》的新“证据”？胡适又是否从“证据规则”的角度对“甲戌本”的真实性做过自觉而严格的评判？“甲戌本”是否经得起反方律师的打击？</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（未完待续）<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#ff0000 size=5><STRONG>相关阅读</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
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<P align=center><FONT face=宋体 color=#ff0000 size=4><STRONG>铲除<FONT color=#000000>腐败“红学”诈骗集团</FONT>告全国人民书系列之三</STRONG></FONT><BR><FONT face=黑体 color=#ff0000 size=6><STRONG>80万美元<FONT color=#000000>回购假古籍</FONT>该当何罪</STRONG></FONT><BR><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4><STRONG>——陶洙伪造的“甲戌本”被上海博物馆重金从台湾回购，<BR>错误决策造成国家重大损失，“主流红学界”难辞其咎</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT color=#ff0000 size=5><STRONG>上篇：<A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008888050530" target=_blank><FONT color=#ff0000>笔迹鉴定揭穿</FONT><FONT color=#000000>“甲戌本”伪劣本质</FONT></A></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;<FONT color=#ff0000 size=5><STRONG>中篇：</STRONG></FONT><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200882121244487" target=_blank><STRONG><FONT size=5><FONT color=#ff0000>胡适</FONT><FONT color=#000000>刻意掩盖陶洙售卖“甲戌本”真相</FONT></FONT></STRONG></A></P>
<P align=center><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000 size=5>下篇：</FONT></STRONG><STRONG><FONT size=5><FONT color=#ff0000>胡适</FONT><FONT color=#000000>岂能不知“甲戌本”之伪<A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008953122266" target=_blank><FONT color=#ff0000>（上）</FONT></A>、</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>（下）</FONT></FONT></STRONG></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">国家图书馆</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">公然展假</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=4>——汉奸陶洙伪造的假古籍“己卯本”、“庚辰本”竟成<SPAN style="COLOR: red">“国家珍贵古籍”，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=4>“著名红学家”数十年来刻意隐瞒真相，欺骗政府和人民，撒谎盗名，诈骗牟利，<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=5>天理国法不能容，罪大恶极不可赦<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上篇：<FONT color=#000000><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/6575537820088153758154/" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#000000>汉奸陶洙，一生作伪</FONT></A></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中篇：<FONT color=#000000><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008815573686/" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#000000>专家行骗，抄本造假</FONT></A></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下篇：<FONT color=#000000><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/6575537820088163417963" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#000000>机关算尽，弄巧成拙</FONT></A></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铲除</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">腐败“红学”诈骗集团</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">告全国人民书系列之一</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/6575537820087264335569/" target=_blank><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">呼吁胡文彬弃暗投明埋葬</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">“红学”</SPAN></B></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">——请胡老先生公开认定曹佳氏确切生日，坚决支持陈林，<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">揭穿</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“主流红学家”长期隐瞒陶洙伪造“脂本”的诈骗罪行</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862163515646/" target=_blank><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><FONT color=#000000>百年红学造假第一大案</FONT></SPAN></B></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862163515646/" target=_blank><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">水落石出人赃俱获</SPAN></B></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文楷体"><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862163515646/" target=_blank><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文楷体"><FONT face=Arial color=#000000>陶洙伪造贩卖一系列“脂本”，“主流红学界”数十年来撒谎欺世，</FONT></SPAN></B></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 华文楷体"><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862163515646/" target=_blank><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 华文楷体"><FONT face=Arial>事实清楚，证据确凿</FONT></SPAN></B></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<WBR></P>
<P align=center><STRONG><FONT face=黑体 size=6><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200861410553863/" target=_blank><STRONG><FONT face=黑体 color=#000000 size=6>冯其庸早知汉奸陶洙伪造“脂本”</FONT></STRONG></A><BR></FONT><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 24px; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT color=#ff0000>——</FONT><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200861410553863/" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#ff0000>小议“主流红学界”长年刻意隐瞒陶洙伪造“脂本”、</FONT></A><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200861410553863/" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#ff0000>“脂批”的卑劣行径</FONT></A></FONT></STRONG></P>
<P>&nbsp;<WBR></P>
<P align=center>&nbsp;<FONT face=黑体 color=#ff0000 size=6><STRONG><FONT color=#000000><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862375157890/" target=_blank><FONT face=黑体 color=#ff0000 size=6><STRONG><FONT color=#000000>陶洙伪造“脂本”</FONT>事实清楚证据确凿</STRONG></FONT></A></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT color=#ff0000 size=4><STRONG><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200862375157890/" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=4><STRONG>百年红学造假第一大案告破，“主流红学界”数十年来撒谎欺世骗局被戳穿</STRONG></FONT></A></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P align=center>&nbsp;<STRONG><FONT face=黑体 size=6><A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/6575537820087155756701/" target=_blank><STRONG><FONT face=黑体 size=6><FONT color=#000000>诡辩</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>岂能掩盖</FONT><FONT color=#000000>陶洙伪造脂本的事实</FONT></FONT></STRONG></A></FONT></STRONG></P></FONT></SPAN>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em" align=center><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 color=#ff0000 size=5><STRONG><A href="http://www.bullog.cn/blogs/wangxiaoshan/archives/156201.aspx" target=_blank><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 color=#ff0000 size=5><STRONG>王小山奥运百城记之广州</STRONG></FONT></A></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em" align=center><FONT face=黑体 color=#ff0000 size=6><STRONG>假如陈林是对的</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 color=#ff0000 size=4><STRONG>&nbsp;<A href="http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200861152341141" target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#ff0000>王小山按：假如陈林的理论是对的，主流红学家将没理由再用纳税人的钱供养，许多造假的案例都该拿到阳光下晒晒，整个主流红学界将陷入难堪的境地，甚至，极有可能有大批从前被称为学者的人要锒铛入狱。而要证明陈林是错的，则很简单，只要打破他逻辑链中最重要的一环。要打破这一环，只需要到第一历史档案馆中去，打开一本尘封的《娶妻册》。</FONT></A></STRONG></FONT></P>
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	    <author><![CDATA[陈林]]></author>
	    <comments>http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008953122266</comments>
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    <guid isPermaLink="true">http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/657553782008953122266</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 5 Oct 2008 15:12:22 +0800</pubDate>
    <dcterms:modified>2008-10-05T15:45:34+08:00</dcterms:modified>
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  	<title><![CDATA[胡适刻意掩盖陶洙售卖“甲戌本”真相]]></title>	
    <link>http://daofeichang.blog.163.com/blog/static/65755378200882121244487</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P align=center><FONT face=宋体 size=3><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>铲除</FONT>腐败“红学”诈骗集团<FONT color=#ff0000>告全国人民书系列之三</FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face=黑体 size=6><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>80万美元</FONT>回购假古籍<FONT color=#ff0000>该当何罪</FONT></STRONG></FONT><BR><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>——陶洙伪造的“甲戌本”被上海博物馆重金从台湾回购，<BR>错误决策造成国家重大损失，“主流红学界”难辞其咎</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P align=center><FONT size=5><STRONG><FONT color=#ff0000>中篇：胡适</FONT>刻意掩盖陶洙售卖“甲戌本”真相</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在本系列上篇<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《笔迹鉴定</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">揭穿“甲戌本”伪劣本质</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red">》</SPAN></B>一文中，陈林主要从五个方面论证了“甲戌本”的抄手就是伪造“庚辰本”的元凶陶洙：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1）</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">两个本子大量字迹在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“‘斜弯勾’写得特别长”</SPAN></B>这一笔画特征方面完全一致；</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2）</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">两个本子大量字迹在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">常用字“特殊结构”</SPAN></B>这一书写特征方面完全一致；<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3）</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在书写特殊结构的常用字<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“输赢”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: red">和<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“装睡”</B></SPAN>时，“甲戌本”和“庚辰本”的抄手都犯了相同的错误，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“赢”</B>字写成了<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“嬴”</B>字，而<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“装睡”</B>则写成了同样结构怪异的错别字；<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4）</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“甲戌本”和“庚辰本”在书写<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“通灵宝玉”和“金锁”上的篆文</SPAN></B>时，二者写法几乎完全一致，而大大不同于程甲本上的写法；<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>5）</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">冯其庸根据“己卯本”和“庚辰本”上</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“熙”、“卿”、“协”、“幼</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”四个字的特殊写法</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">相同，判定这两个本子有同一个抄手参与抄录，然而“甲戌本”上的</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“熙”、“卿”、“协”、“幼</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">四个字恰恰跟前两个本子上的写法完全一致。<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确证了“甲戌本”就是由陶洙亲手伪造的假古籍，常年笼罩在一系列“脂本”之上的众多谜团俱可迎刃而解，陈林将在此后的系列文章中逐一详加讨论辨析。我们首先来了解“甲戌本”的回购之谜，以及胡适常年刻意掩盖他从陶洙手中“重金”购得伪劣“甲戌本”的历史问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海博物馆拒绝向上海《东方早报》和北京《新京报》的记者透露回购“甲戌本”的具体过程和购买价格，仅称是从美国康乃尔大学“重金”买回来的。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">这个说法是公然撒谎</B>。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2008</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，一位未透露姓名的旅美中国学者在陈林的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">新浪博客</SPAN></B>上留言，简略介绍了“甲戌本”回购的真实情况。以下全文照录该学者的留言，其笔误由陈林在括号文字中改正；原文未分段，为方便广大读者阅读起见，由陈林重新划分段落，特此说明。以下是该学者的留言：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陈林先生，昨日从网络上搜索的时候才知晓您有自己的博客。我不知道甲戌本到底是不是你所宣称的这样是不值一读的，我只想纠正一个细节。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当年胡适的一批收藏的文书，包括甲戌本红楼梦和林则徐手迹等等，的确是委托放在我们康奈尔大学的亚洲图书馆。但是这只不过是寄存，不是赠送。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后来胡适先生的公子生病，身体不好，便问康大是否可以将这批文书买下来。当时亚洲部的主任是来自德国的一位先生，对这些东西没有太多的留意，而且图书馆也很难再<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">（在）</B>那么短促的时间内拿出许多钱来，因为各个大学的财政体系都不一样。但总体上这是一个失误。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后来这批资料就被台湾方面以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万美元的价格买走了，不是从康大买走了，而是从适之先生的公子那里买走了。后来，上海方面才又从台湾方面买了回去。因此，这个买卖同康奈尔没有什么关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为有个从北大来访问的同学打算和我一道儿去参观这个甲戌本，我便上网搜索我们的馆藏，搜不到，一看到陈林先生的博客，才知道已经在上海了，但是以我对康奈尔的了解，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万美元试图买走胡适的东西，是完全不可能和不可思议的，所以今天特意携我这位同学亲往亚洲馆拜访咨询了现任郑馆长，才知晓了其中是如此的一个片段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那些报纸的记者，不求甚解，瞎说了一通，有必要纠正一下。</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（留言时间：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2008-05-22 09:22:37</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">感谢这位旅美学者提供的重要信息，陈林认为这位学者的叙述完全可信；与此同时，陈林也公开呼吁海内外新闻界人士对“甲戌本”回购的具体过程和详细情况做进一步调查了解，特别要弄清楚<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">上海博物馆为什么要撒谎，为什么要对“甲戌本”的回购情况遮遮掩掩，是什么人做出的重金回购决策，是什么人充当的“学术顾问”</B>——如此严重的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">重金购买假古籍造成国家重大损失</B>的案件，不可以轻易放过，必须一查到底，追究有关人员的法律责任。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回顾历史，由于“甲戌本”是由陶洙亲手伪造的假古籍，胡适常年刻意掩盖“甲戌本”伪劣本质的严肃命题将不可避免地被人们反复探讨深究。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适的学术成就和历史功绩中国人民乃至全世界都有目共睹，自有公论，陈林无意回避，更无意贬损胡适的炫目光彩。然而，胡适在“甲戌本”真伪的鉴定问题上犯了严重的错误，以假为真，对后世的红楼梦研究造成了极其恶劣的影响，对正常学术研究造成的混乱和伤害恐怕在今后相当长的时期内都难以弥补，这也是一个非常令人痛心疾首的残酷事实。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简单地说，陈林认为，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“甲戌本”和“庚辰本”的相继问世以及胡适对它们的坚决肯定，铸成了中国现代学术史上最大、最荒唐、流毒最深远的冤案——“腰斩红楼”。</B>这个冤案与胡适大力提倡的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">“尊重事实，尊重证据”、“小心的求证”等“科学的方法”</SPAN></B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见胡适：《治学的方法与材料》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）从精神到实践完全相悖离。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">据王湜华回忆，俞平伯在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年去世前不久，“用颤抖的手”写下<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“胡适、俞平伯是腰斩红楼梦的，有罪。程伟元、高鹗是保全红楼梦的，有功。大是大非！”“千秋功罪，难于辞达”</B>等语（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见王</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">湜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">华：《略述俞平伯的〈红楼梦〉研究》。《红楼梦学刊》，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1991年第二辑，第217页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）而据韦柰的回忆，俞平伯在写下这两句话之前不久，“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">一会儿要韦柰把‘脂批本’拿给他，一会儿又要他自己的‘八十回校本’，像是中了魔，他一反常态，常常坐在书桌旁翻看《红楼梦》，一看便是半个多小时</B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">参见王</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">湜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">华：《“千秋功罪，难于辞达”》。王</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">湜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">华著：《俞平伯的后半生》。花山文艺出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2001年9月第1版，第305页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）陈林据此怀疑——<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">俞平伯在去世前也许猛然醒悟到了“脂本”“脂批”都是陶洙的伪造</B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈林按，俞平伯的“八十回校本”就是陶洙提供相关“脂本”资料帮助完成的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），俞平伯和胡适，乃至所有的“红学家”全都上了陶洙的当，铸成了大错。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陈林的这一怀疑是否成立，可以另作专文详细讨论，但是俞平伯所写“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">胡适、俞平伯是腰斩红楼梦的，有罪</B>”、<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“千秋功罪，难于辞达”</B>这毫不含糊的断言却可以验证陈林对胡适“红学研究成果”的定性并非虚言浮词。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适是否一早就认识到“甲戌本”正是陶洙伪造的假古籍，但为了他“新红学”的观点能够树立起来而刻意隐瞒“甲戌本”的真实面貌，刻意隐瞒他从陶洙手中“重金”购买“甲戌本”的事实呢？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们先来回顾一下胡适“重金”购得“甲戌本”的大致情况。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，游历欧美，经日本返国的胡适来到了上海，下榻静安寺路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1225</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">沧州饭店</B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">即今南京西路<SPAN lang=EN-US>1225号五星级<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">锦沧文华大酒店</SPAN></B>原址，如下图</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。沧州饭店在当时的上海算得上是一家规模宏大的甲级旅馆，拥有员工超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人。印度大诗人泰戈尔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1924</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月来华即下榻于此。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><A href="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/0Jnh2WrhT0A8dmB0pXgGJQ==/2054204380034971706.jpg" target=_blank><IMG src="http://img.blog.163.com/photo/0Jnh2WrhT0A8dmB0pXgGJQ==/2054204380034971706.jpg"></A></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">南京西路<SPAN lang=EN-US>1225号五星级锦沧文华大酒店。</SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适来到上海后，收到北大学生顾颉刚的来信。鉴于北方政治和经济形势很糟糕，顾在信中“和泪相劝”老师胡适“万勿到北京去”。胡适接受了顾的劝谏，留在了上海，并在沪西<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">极司菲尔路</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">49</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">今<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">万航渡路<SPAN lang=EN-US>320弄49号</SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）租下一栋小洋楼作寓所。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适与原来新月社和《现代评论》的一群南逃故交（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">如徐志摩、闻一多、梁实秋、饶孟侃、余上沅、丁西林、叶公超、潘光旦、邵洵美等人</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）招股集资，在上海创办了“新月书店”，地址在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“华龙路法国公园附近麦赛而蒂罗路</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">159</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号”</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">即今淮海中路与重庆南路交界处西南的兴安路</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适等人又筹办《新月》杂志（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">月刊</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1928</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月正式推出创刊号，创刊号上就发表了胡适的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《考证〈红楼梦〉的新材料》</B>这篇影响深远的文章。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1928</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适接受上海<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">中国公学</SPAN></B>校董会的邀请，出任中公校长。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1929</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，胡适在《新月》杂志上发起了关于“人权问题”的讨论，胡适的系列文章对国民党政府提出了尖锐的批评，引起国民党的震怒。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1930</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，国民党上海市党部奉中央宣传部密令，没收焚毁《新月》杂志；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，刚刚出版不久的《人权论集》也遭国民党中宣部密令查禁，各报又纷纷登载要求惩办胡适、通缉胡适的议案和消息。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1930</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月底，胡适举家北上，终于离开了因谈人权而引起众多麻烦的是非之地上海。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上是胡适在上海暂居三年半的大致情况。胡适在上海的三年半，对他自己和中国后来的“红学研究”影响深远。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适刚到上海没几天，一个自称“胡星垣”的人给住在沧州饭店的胡适寄来了一封信，全文如下：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">兹启者：敝处有旧藏原抄《脂砚斋批红楼》，惟祗存十六回，计四大本。因闻先生最喜《红楼梦》，为此函询，如合尊意，祈示知，当将原书送阅。手此。即请</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">适之先生道安</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡星垣拜启</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五月二十二日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上信文引自《历史档案》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1995</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第二期刊发的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">杜春和</SPAN></B>编选的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red">《胡适考证〈红楼梦〉往来书信选》之五</SPAN></B>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">第<SPAN lang=EN-US>80页</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。信中提到的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《脂砚斋批红楼》</B>，就是后来赫赫有名的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“甲戌本”</B>。杜春和在这封信下写了一条长注，全文如下：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此函即是胡适在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1928</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年写《考证〈红楼梦〉的新材料》及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1961</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年写《跋乾隆甲戌〈脂砚斋重评石头记〉影印本》等文章里，多次说他</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年夏以重金购买这部抄本时，“我当时太疏忽，没有记下卖书人的姓名住址，没有和他通信，所以我完全不知道这部书在那最近几十年里的历史”而感到遗憾不已。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其实，这封信就保存在他收信的档案夹里。原信只有一页，为三十二开白色红竖格八行信纸，四边为红五星花纹，下边印有“上海新新有限公司出品”字样。信封也是白色，正面写有“本埠静安寺路投沧州饭店，胡适之先生台启，马霍路德福里三百九十号胡缄”。邮戳为“十六年五月廿<FONT color=#ff0000>三</FONT>日，上海。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适购买“甲戌本”的时间是在</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1927</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新月书店开张不久。胡适在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《考证〈红楼梦〉的新材料》</B>一文的开篇写道：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去年我从海外归来，便接着一封信，说有一部抄本《脂砚斋重评石头记》愿让给我。我以为“重评”的《石头记》大概是没有价值的，所以当时竟没有回信。不久，新月书店的广告出来了（</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈林按，指<SPAN lang=EN-US>6月30日报纸刊发的新月书店开张广告</SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），藏书的人把此书送到店里来，转交给我看。我看了一遍，深信此本是海内最古的《石头记》抄本，遂出了重价把此书买了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">宋广波编校注释：《胡适红学研究资料全编》。北京图书馆出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2005年10月第1版，第221页。</SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1961</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，胡适在《跋乾隆甲戌〈脂砚斋重评石头记〉影印本》一文中又谈到了他购买“甲戌本”的情形：</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当时报纸上登出了胡适之、徐志摩、邵洵美一班文艺朋友开办新月书店的新闻及广告。那位原藏书的朋友（可惜我把他的姓名地址都丢了）就亲自把这部脂砚甲戌本送到新开张的新月书店去，托书店转交给我。那位藏书家曾读过我的《红楼梦考证》，他打定了主意要把这部可宝贵的写本卖给我，所以他亲自寻到新月书店去留下这书给我看。如果报纸上没有登出胡适之的朋友们开书店的消息，如果他没有先送书给我看，我可能就不回他的信，或者回信说我对一切“重评”的《石头记》不感觉兴趣，——于是这部世界最古的《红楼梦》写本就永远不会到我手里，很可能就永远被埋没了！（</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">出处同上，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>441～442页。</SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在同一篇文章中，胡适又写道：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我当时太疏忽，没有记下卖书人的姓名地址，没有和他通信，所以我完全不知道这部书在那最近几十年里的历史。（</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">出处同上，第<SPAN lang=EN-US>458页。</SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适所谓把藏书人的“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">姓名地址都丢了</B>”、“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">当时太疏忽，没有记下卖书人的姓名地址，没有和他通信</B>”，这样的说法自然是不能令人信服的。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1972</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，周策纵在《论〈红楼梦〉研究的基本态度》一文中就对胡适的这种说法提出了含蓄的批评和质疑。周写道：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">这又是一件奇事，即使姓名住址丢了，为什么连是个什么样的人都不肯一提呢？</B>”“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">我把上面这些旧事重提，决不是要否认胡适对《红楼梦》研究的贡献，而是觉得我们现在应该赶快来矫正这种作风了。</B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">周策纵：《论〈红楼梦〉研究的基本态度》。胡文彬、周雷编：《海外红学论集》。上海古籍出版社，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1982年4月第1版，第3页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在胡星垣致胡适的信函被公开后，欧阳健、曲沐等人对胡适提出了严厉的批评。曲沐写道：“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">卖书人的姓名清清楚楚，其住址也明明白白。既然如此，胡适为什么要一再隐瞒这件事呢？是否有其不可告人的隐情？事实迫使我们不得不做出这样的认识。我过去总认为他是‘轻信’‘上当’，现在看来并非那么简单。</B>”（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">曲沐：《胡星垣的信和胡适之的谜——甲戌本〈石头记〉卖书人的发现说明什么》。《贵州大学学报》，<SPAN lang=EN-US>1997年第1期，第61页。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前人对胡适的质疑和批评都是合情合理的，但是前人对胡适的说法分析得不够细致。我们仔细推敲胡适的说法，就会发现胡适根本就是在撒谎。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></B></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡星垣致胡适的信函被胡适留在了大陆，这或许能为胡适把藏书人的“姓名地址都丢了”提供一个勉强的解释，可是这个藏书人的姓名和地址胡适完全不可能记不清楚。</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个藏书人卖书给胡适，并非一件秘密交易，而是亲自送书上门，转交给胡适。因此这个藏书人的姓名、身份、相貌、住址、意图等具体情况，新月书店当时接收“甲戌本”的人肯定一清二楚，否则胡适怎么可能知道“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">那位藏书家曾读过我的《红楼梦考证》，他打定了主意要把这部可宝贵的写本卖给我</B>”呢？！</SPAN></P>
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